Funso loyamba: Kodi ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji yomwe imafunika kuti munthu atsuke mabotolo patsiku limodzi la kafukufuku wa sayansi?

Mnzanga 1: Ndinachita kafukufuku wamadzimadzi otentha kwambiri kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kutsuka mabotolo tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 5-10% ya nthawi yofufuza zasayansi ichitike. Inenso nditha kuonedwa ngati wantchito wodziwa bwino ntchito yotsuka mabotolo.
Ponena za kutsuka mabotolo, ndakambirana ndi anthu ena makamaka, makamaka mabotolo okhala ndi khosi zinayi ndi ovuta kuyeretsa, mabotolo osungiramo zinthu ndi osavuta kuyeretsa.

Bwenzi 2:
Tanki imodzi yokha ya chitsanzo cha 5ml (beakers) ndiyo imafunika kutsukidwa, koma iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyeretsedwa - 25% nitric acid - 50% hydrochloric acid - madzi oyeretsedwa pansi pa 130℃. Kusamba kulikonse kumatenga masiku 5, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse Kusamba 200-500 zidutswa.

Bwenzi 3:
Miphika iwiri ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mbale za petri, mabotolo amakona atatu, ndi mitundu ina ya magalasi, mutha kutsuka pafupifupi 70-100 patsiku. Kawirikawiri, makina amadzi oyera kwambiri a labotale amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kuyeretsa madzi, kotero kuchuluka koyeretsera sikokulirapo kwenikweni.

Bwenzi 4:
Posachedwapa, ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu labotale. Popeza ndi yopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo zofunikira zake ndi zokhwima, ndimagwiritsa ntchito magalasi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zimatenga ola limodzi kutsuka, zomwe zimandisangalatsa kwambiri.

Nazi chidule cha yankho la abwenzi anayi awa, zomwe zonse zikuwonetsa mfundo izi: 1. Kuyeretsa ndi manja 2. Kuchuluka kwambiri 3. Kutenga nthawi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa mabotolo ndi mbale zomwe zimadya nthawi, aliyense ali ndi vuto. Mukumva bwanji?

Funso 2: Kodi mumamva bwanji mukatsuka mabotolo ndi mbale kwa nthawi yayitali?

Bwenzi A:

Ndinakhala mu labotale kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku tsiku lonse. Ikhoza kuwerengedwa ngati 007, kutsuka mabotolo ndi mabotolo, mabotolo omwe sangatsukidwe.
Ophunzira ochepa oyamba kumene mu labotale amanena kuti bola ngati chubu choyesera cha botolo chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi dzanja chiyenera kutsukidwa… Ufa wotsukira ndi ultrasound kwa maola awiri, madzi apampopi kwa maola awiri, ndi madzi oyera kwa maola ena awiri. Chubu choyesera chikatsukidwa, machubu atatu oyesera adzasweka ndi ultrasound. Gawo limodzi (pali chidebe cha zinyalala pafupi nacho cha galasi losweka, lomwe linadzazidwa kwa sabata imodzi)… Nthawi ina ndinawona wophunzira woyamba akutsuka mabotolo opitilira 50 kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo.

Bwenzi B:
Ndikuganiza kuti kutsuka mabotolo kungathandize anthu kukhala oleza mtima, koma kuyesako kumangodutsa m'mizere ndipo kumatenga nthawi yambiri, ndipo kumatenga nthawi kutsuka mabotolo, ndipo kusayerako kumakhudzanso kuyesako. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zonse nthawi imodzi, ndikuona kuti mutha kusunga nthawi yambiri kuti muchite zinthu zina, ndipo kungawonedwe ngati kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa liwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito a kuyesa konse.

Nditamva mayankho abwino ochokera kwa anzanga awiriwa, ndinakwiyabe ndi kutsuka mabotolo agalasi ambiri. Kodi inunso mukumva chimodzimodzi? Ndiye bwanji osasankha kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira mabotolo chokha?

Funso lachitatu: Mukuganiza bwanji za kutsuka ndi manja poyerekeza ndi makina ochapira mabotolo?

Bwenzi 1:
Ine ndekha, labotale iliyonse yomwe imachita mankhwala onyowa iyenera kukhala ndi chotsukira mabotolo, monga momwe banja lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi makina ochapira ndi chotsukira mbale. Ndikofunikira kusunga nthawi ya ophunzira ndikuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwerenga mabuku, kusanthula deta, kuganiza, kuyika ndalama ndi kusamalira ndalama, kugwa m'chikondi, kupita kukasewera, ma internship, ndi zina zotero.
Ndamva kuti kuyesa kwakukulu kwa sayansi ya zamoyo kumatha kuchitika kokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida, koma magulu ena ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wotsika wa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndikulola ophunzira omaliza maphunziro kuti azichita pamanja. Khalidwe lotere ndi loipa kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ndikulimbikitsa kuti ntchito zonse zobwerezabwereza zomwe zingachitike ndi makina mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ziyenera kuchitika ndi makina, ndipo ophunzira ayenera kuloledwa kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi m'malo mokhala antchito otsika mtengo.

Bwenzi 2:
Kodi zotsatira za kutsuka ziwiya zooneka ngati zapadera monga machubu a NMR/mabotolo a Shrek/mabotolo ang'onoang'ono a mankhwala/ma funnel a mchenga zimakhala zotani? Kodi machubu oyesera ayenera kuyikidwa limodzi ndi limodzi kapena akhoza kulumikizidwa ndikuyikidwa (mofanana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi thanki ya alkaline)?
(Musagule mutu waukulu ndikuuponya kwa ogwira ntchito…

Bwenzi 3:
Chotsukira mabotolo chikufunika ndalama zogulira, ophunzira safunikira ndalama zogulira [chivundikiro cha nkhope]
Mayankho a abwenzi atatu asankhidwa pamwambapa. Anthu ena amalimbikitsa kwambiri kusintha makina ochapira mabotolo amanja, ena amakayikira za luso loyeretsa la makina ochapira mabotolo, ndi iwo omwe sadziwa zambiri za makina ochapira mabotolo. Kuchokera pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti aliyense sanamvetse kapena kufunsa za makina ochapira mabotolo.

Pobwerera ku nkhani yaikulu, nayi chitsanzo chovomerezeka choyankhira funso lachitatu:
Ubwino wachotsukira magalasi cha labotale:
1. Kuchita zinthu zokha zokha mozama kwambiri. Zimangotenga njira ziwiri zokha kuti muyeretse mabotolo ndi mbale: Ikani mabotolo ndi mbale kamodzi kokha kuti muyambe pulogalamu yoyeretsa (ndipo ili ndi mapulogalamu 35 okhazikika komanso mapulogalamu osinthidwa pamanja kuti akwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala ambiri a labotale). Kuchita zinthu zokha kumamasula manja a oyesa.
2. Kuyeretsa bwino kwambiri (chotsukira magalasi chokhantchito ya batch, njira yoyeretsera mobwerezabwereza), kuchuluka kochepa kwa mabotolo (kusintha kuthamanga kwa madzi, kutentha kwamkati, ndi zina zotero), kusinthasintha kwakukulu (kogwirizana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a machubu oyesera, mbale za Petri, ma flasks odzaza, ma flasks ozungulira, masilinda opindika, ndi zina zotero)
3. Chitetezo chapamwamba komanso kudalirika, chitoliro cholowera madzi chomwe chimayikidwa kale chomwe sichimaphulika, kukana kuthamanga ndi kutentha, sichimavuta kukulitsa, ndi valavu yowunikira yoletsa kutuluka kwa madzi, chidacho chimatseka chokha valavu ya solenoid ikalephera.
4. Luntha lapamwamba. Deta yofunika monga kuyendetsa bwino magetsi, TOC, kuchuluka kwa mafuta odzola, ndi zina zotero ikhoza kuperekedwa nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito oyenerera kuyang'anira ndikudziwa bwino momwe ntchito yoyeretsa ikuyendera ndikulumikiza makinawo kuti asindikize ndikusunga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsatira pambuyo pake.